A biopolymer-based pH indicator film for visually monitoring beef and fish spoilage

Food safety is a worldwide public concern that has recently gained increased attention due to the emerging outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Therefore, there pressing need make simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly methods for detecting food spoilage mitigate impact possible outbreaks. The aim this study develop biodegradable indicator film which was made by combining cellulose-nanofiber/chitosan dyed with methyl red synthesis (CCM) as pH followed single layer coating polylactic acid (PLA) on its surface, named PLA/CCM film. microstructural properties films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed PLA effectively adhered surface CCM microbial response determined via bacterial plating method. It found contact microbes caused substantial color change in upon decreased percentage water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). vividly altered from slightly yellow range 4–8. applied monitor beef fish at room temperature (23 °C) revealed onset displaying after 1 day. total viable counts (TVC) microorganisms tested sample determined, both TVC concurrently spoilage.